Collective intelligence, 40 years after the Mother of All Demos



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December 9, 2008 —  (Page 1 of 3)
On Dec. 9, 1968, Douglas Engelbart, Bill English and other researchers from Stanford University gave a demonstration of the many software and hardware projects they had designed to increase the productivity of the world's workers. This Mother of all Demos, as it is now known, marked the first public showing of the mouse, the hyperlink, the word processor and the remotely accessible system. In honor of its 40th anniversary, the Program for the Future, hosted yesterday and today in Silicon Valley, focused on the current state of collective intelligence and the tools used to support it.

The 1968 Mother of all Demos took place in San Francisco, but most of the work behind it went on at the Stanford Research Institutes' Augmentation Research Center. ARC's goal was to use computers to enhance human intelligence and productivity. The result was a system known as NLS (Online System).


NLS ran on computers hosted on Stanford's campus, but it was able to extend its reach up to San Francisco, thanks to the then-fledgling ARPAnet. In 1968, as Engelbart demonstrated (for the first time in public) the NLS' mouse, windowing system and hypertext capabilities, he was backed by a team running the systems at Stanford and communicating with him via videoconferencing. This revolutionary system was the first to hint at the potential of computers to enhance the collective intelligence of humanity.

Today, collective intelligence is something of a hot button for those attending the Program for the Future. Dr. Thomas W. Malone, director of the center for collective intelligence at MIT, defined the concept as “groups of individuals doing things collectively in ways that seem intelligent. By this broad definition, we've had collective intelligence at least as long as we've been humans.”

Engelbart's work in the 1960s was only the beginning of modern collective intelligence research, said Malone. What has changed since that time is the technology of collaboration, he added. All of the modern examples of online collaboration, such as Google, Wikipedia and YouTube, can be dissected to explain the nature of collective intelligence, he said.



Related Search Term(s): networking, software development

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