News on Monday
more>>
SharePoint Tech Report
more>>


   

 
 
Download Current Issue
ISSUE 2/1/2010 PDF

Need Back Issues?
DOWNLOAD HERE

Receive the print Edition?


 
blogs tab
Visual Studio 2010 Release Candidate Available Today
A Visual Studio 2010 release candidate is available on MSDN.
02/09/2010 09:45 AM EST

Is Microsoft eyeing Office subscription pricing?
Microsoft may be preparing to offer a new Office pricing option called "union," which charges the same for cloud as on-premises.
02/01/2010 09:38 AM EST

Facebook rewrites PHP runtime
Facebook is about to open source its own PHP runtime, written from scratch for speed.
01/30/2010 08:53 PM EST

 

Events calendar tab
2/9/2010 to 2/13/2010
San Francisco
IDG World Expo

2/10/2010 to 2/12/2010
San Francisco
BZ Media

2/17/2010 to 2/25/2010
Atlanta
Python Software Foundation

2/19/2010 to 2/20/2010
Los Angeles
SCALE

2/21/2010 to 2/24/2010
Las Vegas
IBM


 
Most Read Latest News Blog Resources

Computer science lacks women, minorities




September 4, 2009 — 
Large segments of the U.S. population are not considering careers in IT, shaping a shortage in qualified developers. Few students are enrolling in computer science courses, and a dwindling number of those are women and minorities, government experts say.

The U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics forecasts high demand for programmers. Its Occupational Handbook for 2006-2016 lists computer application software engineers as the fourth most in-demand occupation due to "increased applications of emerging technologies" and the growing complexity of businesses. Software engineers for systems are listed at number 25.

Despite that demand, there has been a “huge drop off” in the number of computer scientists entering into the workforce since 2000, said Jan Cuny, the program officer at the National Science Foundation who oversees efforts to broaden participation in computing.

Seventy percent fewer students have majored in computer science since 2000; women declined by 80%, she said, citing Computing Research Association data. The Higher Education Research Institute has determined that only 1% of students are majoring in computer science, and 0.3% are women, she added.

Over the past eight years, there has been a slight increase in women's enrollment on the undergraduate level, according to data compiled by Anthony Chow, an assistant professor at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro.

"At the graduate level, however, non-resident aliens become a major factor while minority enrollment in general plummets to very small percentages," he added.

Cuny added, "If this trend holds true, we will be unable to produce enough students for the jobs that are out there. Large segments of the population do not participate in computer science-related careers."

Retention of minority employees is another issue. Nearly half of all minorities leave technology jobs to enter other occupations, said National Association for the Advancement of Colored People vice president Deborah Bey.

Isolation is a key factor for a higher attrition rate among women and minorities, said Teresa Dahlberg, director of the Diversity in Information Technology Institute at UNC Charlotte. People tend to associate with "like communities," where people have similar backgrounds and interests, she explained.

"If someone is the only woman or minority in a company, they will often not attract a peer group or informal mentor as easily as someone who is part of the majority.

"There is a good amount of research that shows that women are judged more harshly than men, for hiring, evaluations and promotions," she added. "Virginia Valian [author of "Why So Slow? The Advancement of Women"] shows this for women in science, technology, engineering and math faculty jobs." Virginia Valian is a professor at Hunter College.

Dahlberg also cited research from Carnegie Mellon University that interviewed computing students who had quit computer science as a major. "A theme among the American women was, 'Well, I got an A in my programming class, but I seemed to have to work much harder than everyone else. So, I'm not really interested in computing anymore,'" she said.

Different perspectives
Alternate views on work could also be why minorities and women are not taking up careers in computer science, Dahlberg said.

Many women and minorities are looking for work that is socially relevant and meaningful, Dahlberg explained. "Women are becoming doctors; it's not about being good at math, the technical rigor is the same. The big difference is that [medicine] is seen as a helping profession." Women are more represented in the sub-disciplines related to family and children, she added.

Dahlberg believes that the social relevance attraction is different for minorities as for women. "I have had African-American men tell me that the only options that they thought they had growing up was to be a teacher or [a] preacher," Dahlberg said. "So, this might be more about a lack of role models. However, anecdotally, if you are an under-represented person in school or at work, doing work that helps others helps you to feel more engaged in your work."

The roots of the problem may be run even deeper, though. "Many women and minorities are being turned off in the fourth and fifth grade before they even know what computer science is," the NSF’s Cuny said. "There are a number of things women don't understand about computing; they think they are insolated in front of a monitor."

The U.S. education system is doing a bad job at counteracting stereotypes that programmers are not part of a group effort, Cuny said. "Computer science is done in teams, and many teams have diverse opinions and backgrounds. It is not a solitary occupation at all.”

Countering the trend
Dahlberg suggested that employers should emphasize the social relevance of their organization's business mission, and how supporting that mission in IT can have a social impact. Life/work flexibility is also important to women, and recruiters should send women and minority technical people to do recruiting, she added. "No one wants to be the only one."

Other techniques for recruiting employees include attending national events that aim to engage women and minorities; aligning with (or monitoring news feed on websites about) national organizations, to be informed of national and regional opportunities to connect; and, similarly, aligning with regional colleges and universities with computing programs, she said.

Mentoring and networking opportunities are important tools for retaining minority employees, in addition to training and skills-building to build confidence, Dahlberg said. She also suggested allowing new hires to explore different positions within an organization.

One of the ways the NSF is working to counteract declining enrollments is by providing opportunities for students, and it is partnering with local nonprofit and national organizations, said Cuny. The NSF has bridge programs to transition high school graduates into computer science majors at college, as well as programs to motivate undergraduate students to remain in the field.

Starting early
The NSF's K-12 programs focus on informal education designed to spark student interest in computing by showing how computers can solve problems through creating and manipulating rather than being used as tools, Cuny added.

It is also working to infuse computer science in middle school and high school curricula, advocate computational thinking, and introduce a new Advanced Placement course for computer science. That effort, though, is being hampered  by a shortage of computer science teachers, she said.

"There are few computer science teachers in the country. Many have degrees in other fields, especially business," Cuny said. The NSF has set a goal for 10,000 more computer science teachers by 2015.

To tackle workplace issues for women, the NSF works with the National Center for Women & Information Technology, as well as the Anita Borg Institute of Women and Technology. It also has a program called NSF Alliances for Broadening Participation in Computing (BPC).

BPC has a number of different programs that cover establishing best practices for recruitment, conferences, partnering academia with industry, and workshops. Programs focus on minority and women students.

Dahlberg participates in an NSF-sponsored program called the STARS (Students & Technology in Academia, Research & Service) Alliance. STARS mentors high-achieving computer science students at 20 colleges and universities in the southeastern United States, and has them talk to high school students, she said.

The program is also attempting to give businesses access to qualified computer science students in schools near them.

"The National Science Foundation has many studies and projects to increase number of minorities and women in the field," said the NAACP's Bey. "It's not that there's not something being done…there's just no magic pill."


Related Search Term(s): professional development


Share this link: http://www.sdtimes.com/link/33742
 

Comments

09/04/2009 05:00:14 PM EST

I have two reactions to this: A) I am in no way surprised. Just look at how Long Island (NY) companies are undervaluing tech-related positions (as Craig Reino wisely pointed out in his blog). While Manhattan might be doing the EXACT opposite, that has nothing to do with the rest of country and the offers I keep getting from recruiters trying to get me to move for ridiculously low pay are proof of that. Between the last rush (roughly 5 years ago) of students trying to major in computer related fields that caused average pay to shrink and with the constant undervaluing of those same positions today, I doubt anyone can really be surprised by these numbers falling so low. B) Good! I hate to be selfish & conceded, but I know I am an awesome programmer and software architect. So now I can go from thinking "well, at least I am one of the few GOOD ones" to "EVERYONE knows that I am one of the few ones, AT ALL" Try undervaluing me when employee's like me are few and far between! Of course, doesn't this just begin a new cycle of "the tech industry looking like the hottest and best paid that leads to more people majoring in it which leads to a drop is paychecks which leads to less people majoring which leads to salaries going up which leads to people majoring in it again, which leads to..."?

United StatesJames A. Hulsmann


09/07/2009 06:11:07 PM EST

Please, not this old shibboleth. There is no evidence of a lack of software engineers. If there were, the salaries would skyrocket and there is no evidence of that happening. Many SW engineers do not have CS backgrounds. There are physicists, statisticians, etc. who have the intellectual capital to write software.

United StatesDoug in Seattle


09/08/2009 09:26:37 AM EST

It surprises me that, "off-shoring" is nowhere in the article text. This trend has nothing to do with the lack of interest but with the knowledge that students are becoming aware that they will not get a decent-pay, entry-level job in IT regardless of race or gender. Why bust your butt learning C++ or Java to end up making less than a Marketing professional (if you want to be competitive with your foreign counterparts). Nowadays, IT professionals (newbies or seniors) have to compete with the World, not with the other candidates applying for the job.

United StatesJohn Chaves


09/08/2009 10:01:29 AM EST

That's real trendy in all, but you have a bigger problem. Why is anyone, going to want to spend four years and an 100k on a CS degree when the jobs for it, will, in all likelihood go overseas anyway. Instead of all the tired leftwing hyperventilating about diversity, how about finding away to keep the jobs here in the first place. If people think there will be a job at the end of the tunnel, the trend will reverse itself.

United StatesRob


09/08/2009 12:39:48 PM EST

One issue I see in high schools is that students are being pushed into a rigid college prep curriculum that doesn't allow for "elective" classes in Computer Science. American Colleges and Universities have become so competitive that students have to enroll in multiple Advanced Placement classes in order to meet admission requirements which squeezes elective or enrichment courses.

United StatesJim Souza


09/08/2009 05:32:50 PM EST

As long as corporations continue to aggressively offshore the work to lower the bottom line, I wouldn't encourage any young person to go into this field. I don't think its worth the cost of the degree to essentially face an entire career of looking over your shoulder. Now with more R&D centers being set up offshore its not just the low level jobs that are going to disappear. As to the comment that students are aware of the trend to offshore, I agree.

United StatesLarry


09/08/2009 11:04:39 PM EST

This article shows why the United States is doomed to defeat. Our leadership has lost its way and is myopically preoccupied with achieving the Politically Correct distribution of women and ethnic minorities in the workforce while our competitors abroad are eating our lunch. When most of the IT jobs are in India do you really think that the Indian government will be worried about making sure that American women and ethnic minorities are represented in the I.T. workforce in the Politically Correct proportions? Our leaders should be focused like a laser on improving our competitiveness in the world even if it means that there aren't as many women and ethnic minorities in I.T. as the Czars of Political Correctness think there should be.

United StatesGuillermo Vargas


09/22/2009 12:02:52 PM EST

Like so many have commented previously, the real problem is that there is no incentive AT ALL for a young college student to major in CS, knowing that ALL of the major corporations are setting up shops overseas. What's worse in my state (VA) even the STATE outsourced it's IT! This used to be how a new CS grad would get their first job out of school. They would take a lower-paying, entry level job w/the government, get some experience, and only then would they be able to compete in today's market where ALL positions are asking for 3-5 years of paid experience. The net result - sure the state saved some money on its IT (on paper at least, but that's another thread) but the result was 1400+ more Americans out of work in the state capital, and one of the major paths used by new CS grads to follow a career has been removed. The irony of it all is the same person who was the State's CTO who did this to our citizens is now the Federal CTO!

United StatesDave


Add comment


Name*
Email*  
Country     


  • Comment
  • Preview
Loading